A drilling rig is an integrated system that drills wells, like oil or water wells, within the earths subsurface. Drilling rigs are often massive structures housing equipment wont to drill water wells, oil wells, or gas extraction wells, or they will be sufficiently small to be moved manually by one person and are called augers. Drilling rigs can sample subsurface mineral deposits, test rock, soil, and groundwater physical properties, and can also be wont to install sub-surface fabrications, like underground utilities, instrumentation, tunnels, or wells. Drilling rigs are often mobile equipment mounted on trucks, tracks, or trailers, or more permanent land or marine-based structures (such as oil platforms, commonly called 'offshore oil rigs' even if they don't contain a drilling rig). The term "rig" therefore generally refers to the complex equipment that's wont to penetrate the surface of the crust.
Small to medium-sized drilling rigs are mobile, like those utilized in mineral exploration drilling, blast-hole, water wells, and environmental investigations. Larger rigs are capable of drilling through thousands of meters of the crust, using large "mud pumps" to circulate drilling fluid (slurry) through the drilling bit and up the casing annulus, for cooling and removing the "cuttings" while a well is drilled. Hoists within the rig can lift plenty of pipes. Other equipment can force acid or sand into reservoirs to facilitate extraction of the oil or natural gas, and in remote locations, there are often permanent living accommodation and catering for crews (which could also be quite a hundred). Marine rigs may operate thousands of miles distant from the supply base with infrequent crew rotation or cycle.
Types
Directional drilling
Directional drilling is completed with a mud motor on rock bottom hole assembly. The direction is controlled by a wireless controller to drill the opening in any way that the driller requires.
Drilling techniques
There is a spread of drilling techniques that may be wont to drill a borehole into the bottom. Each has its advantages and drawbacks, in terms of the depth to what it can drill, the sort of sample returned, the prices involved and penetration rates achieved. Some types included are rotary cut, rotary Abrasive, rotary reverse, cable tooling, and sonic drilling.
Occupational safety
Drilling rigs create some safety challenges for those that work on them. One safety concern is that the use of seatbelts for workers driving between two locations. Motor vehicle fatalities on the work for these workers is 8.5 times the speed of the remainder of the US working population, which may be attributed to the low rate of seatbelt use.
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